〜ておく / 〜てある — In advance / Resulting state

Level: N3 · Module: Grammar Patterns · 2 practice questions

Doing something in preparation vs state after action

Explanation

〜ておく = do in advance / leave as is. 〜てある = something has been done (focus on the resulting state).

Formation: Verb て form + おく (do in advance) or + ある (resultant state). 〜ておく contracts to 〜とく in casual Japanese.

Usage & nuance: 〜ておく prepares something for later, while 〜てある focuses on the state that remains after someone intentionally did something.

Compare: 〜ておく is the act of preparing, 〜てある is the resulting state, and 〜てしまう covers completion or regret.

हिंदी में समझें

〜ておく = पहले से कर लेना। 〜てある = कुछ कर दिया गया है (परिणामी स्थिति पर ध्यान)।

Examples

  • よやくしておきます。 (Yoyaku shite okimasu.)
    हिंदी: पहले से आरक्षित कर देता हूँ।
    English: I will reserve it in advance.
  • まどがあけてあります。 (Mado ga akete arimasu.)
    हिंदी: खिड़की खोली हुई है।
    English: The window has been opened.
  • 旅行の前にホテルを予約しておいた。 (Ryokou no mae ni hoteru o yoyaku shite oita.)
    हिंदी: यात्रा से पहले मैंने होटल बुक कर लिया था।
    English: I booked a hotel in advance before the trip.
  • 窓が開けてある。 (Mado ga akete aru.)
    हिंदी: खिड़की खोली हुई है।
    English: The window has been left open.

Common mistakes

  • Using てある with intransitive verbs → てある uses transitive verbs — Focus on the object state.

Practice this topic

Test your understanding with 2 questions on 〜ておく / 〜てある — In advance / Resulting state.